Access to a router

Access username

Change default username admin to a different name; custom name helps to protect access to your router if anybody got direct access to your router.

/user print
/user set 0 name=myname

Access password

MikroTik routers require password configuration; we suggest to use pwgen or other password generator tool to create secure and non-repeating passwords,

/user set 0 password="!={Ba3N!"40TуX+GvKBz?jTLIUcx/,"

Another option to set a password,

/password

We strongly recommend using the second method or Winbox interface to apply the new password for your router, to keep it safe from other unauthorized access.

Access by IP address

Besides the fact that the default firewall protects your router from unauthorized access from outer networks, it is possible to restrict username access for the specific IP address

/user set 0 allowed-address=x.x.x.x/yy

x.x.x.x/yy – your IP or network subnet that is allowed to access your router.

Router services

All production routers have to be administered by SSH, secured Winbox or HTTPs services. Use the latest Winbox version for secure access. 

RouterOS services

Most of RouterOS administrative tools are configured at

 /ip service print

Keep only secure ones,

/ip service disable telnet,ftp,www,api,api-ssl
/ip service print

and also change the default port, this will immediately stop most of the random SSH brute force login attempts:

/ip service set ssh port=2200
/ip service print

Additionally, each /IP service entity might be secured by allowed IP address (the address service will reply to)

/ip service set winbox address=192.168.88.0/24

RouterOS MAC-access

RouterOS has built-in options for easy management access to network devices. The particular services should be shut down on production networks.

MAC-Telnet

Disable mac-telnet services,

/tool mac-server set allowed-interface-list=none
/tool mac-server print

MAC-Winbox

Disable mac-winbox services,

/tool mac-server mac-winbox set allowed-interface-list=none
/tool mac-server mac-winbox print

MAC-Ping

Disable mac-ping service,

/tool mac-server ping set enabled=no
/tool mac-server ping print

Neighbour Discovery

MikroTik Neighbor discovery protocol is used to show and recognize other MikroTik routers in the network, disable neighbour discovery on all interfaces,

/ip neighbor discovery-settings set discover-interface-list=none

Bandwidth server

Bandwidth server is used to test throughput between two MikroTik routers. Disable it in the production environment.

/tool bandwidth-server set enabled=no

DNS cache

The router might have DNS cache enabled, that decreases are resolving time for DNS requests from clients to remote servers. In case DNS cache is not required on your router or another router is used for such purposes, disable it.

ip dns set allow-remote-requests=no

Other clients services

RouterOS might have other services enabled (they are disabled by default RouterOS configuration). MikroTik caching proxy,

/ip proxy set enabled=no

MikroTik socks proxy,

/ip socks set enabled=no

MikroTik UPnP service,

/ip upnp set enabled=no

MikroTik dynamic name service or IP-cloud,

ip cloud set ddns-enabled=no update-time=no

More Secure SSH access

RouterOS utilizes stronger crypto for SSH, most newer programs use it, to turn on SSH strong crypto:

/ip ssh set strong-crypto=yes

Router interface

Ethernet/SFP interfaces

It is good practice to disable all unused interfaces on your router, to decrease unauthorised access to your router.

/interface print
/interface set x disabled=yes

• X numbers of the unused interfaces.

LCD

Some RouterBOARDs have LCD module for informational purpose, set pin or disable it.

/lcd set enabled=no

Firewall

We strongly suggest keeping default firewall on. Here are few adjustments to make it more secure, make sure to apply the rules, when you understand what are they doing.

IPv4 firewall to a router

• work with new connections to decrease load on a router;
• create address-list for IP addresses, that are allowed to access your router;
• enable ICMP access (optionally);
• drop everything else, log=yes might be added to log packets that hit the specific rule;

/ip firewall filter
add action=accept chain=input comment="default configuration" connection-state=established,related
add action=accept chain=input src-address-list=allowed_to_router
add action=accept chain=input protocol=icmp
add action=drop chain=input
/ip firewall address-list
add address=192.168.88.2-192.168.88.254 list=allowed_to_router

IPv4 firewall for clients

• Established/related packets are added to fast track for faster data throughput, firewall will work with new connections only;
• drop invalid connection and log them with prefix invalid;
• drop attempts to reach not public addresses from your local network, apply address-list=not_in_internet before, bridge1 is local network interface, log attempts with !public_from_LAN;
• drop incoming packets that are not NATed, ether1 is public interface, log attempts with !NAT prefix;
• drop incoming packets from Internet, which are not public IP addresses, ether1 is public interface, log attempts with prefix !public;
• drop packets from LAN that does not have LAN IP, 192.168.88.0/24 is local network used subnet;

/ip firewall filter
add action=fasttrack-connection chain=forward comment=FastTrack connection-state=established,related
add action=accept chain=forward comment="Established, Related"  connection-state=established,related
add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop invalid" connection-state=invalid log=yes log-prefix=invalid
add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop tries to reach not public addresses from LAN" dst-address-list=not_in_internet in-interface=bridge1 log=yes log-prefix=!public_from_LAN out-interface=!bridge1
add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop incoming packets that are not NATted" connection-nat-state=!dstnat connection-state=new in-interface=ether1 log=yes log-prefix=!NAT
add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop incoming from internet which is not public IP" in-interface=ether1 log=yes log-prefix=!public src-address-list=not_in_internet
add action=drop chain=forward comment="Drop packets from LAN that do not have LAN IP" in-interface=bridge1 log=yes log-prefix=LAN_!LAN src-address=!192.168.88.0/24

/ip firewall address-list
add address=0.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=172.16.0.0/12 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=192.168.0.0/16 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=10.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=169.254.0.0/16 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=127.0.0.0/8 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=224.0.0.0/4 comment=Multicast list=not_in_internet
add address=198.18.0.0/15 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=192.0.0.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=192.0.2.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=198.51.100.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=203.0.113.0/24 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=100.64.0.0/10 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=240.0.0.0/4 comment=RFC6890 list=not_in_internet
add address=192.88.99.0/24 comment="6to4 relay Anycast [RFC 3068]" list=not_in_internet

IPv6

Currently IPv6 package is disabled by default. Please enable package with care, as RouterOS will not create any default firewall rules for IPv6 at the moment.

IPv6 ND

Disable IPv6 Neighbour Discovery

/ipv6 nd set [find] disabled=yes

IPv6 firewall to a router

• work with new packets, accept established/related packets;
• drop link-local addresses from Internet interface;
• accept access to a router from link-local addresses, accept multicast addresses for management purposes, accept your address for router access;
• drop anything else;

/ipv6 firewall filter
add action=accept chain=input comment="allow established and related" connection-state=established,related
add chain=input action=accept protocol=icmpv6 comment="accept ICMPv6"
add chain=input action=accept protocol=udp port=33434-33534 comment="defconf: accept UDP traceroute"
add chain=input action=accept protocol=udp dst-port=546 src-address=fe80::/16 comment="accept DHCPv6-Client prefix delegation.)
add action=drop chain=input in-interface=sit1 log=yes log-prefix=dropLL_from_public src-address=fe80::/16
add action=accept chain=input comment="allow allowed addresses" src-address-list=allowed
add action=drop chain=input
/ipv6 firewall address-list
add address=fe80::/16 list=allowed
add address=xxxx::/48  list=allowed
add address=ff02::/16 comment=multicast list=allowed

IPv6 firewall for clients

Enabled IPv6 puts your clients available for public networks, set proper firewall to protect your customers.

• accept established/related and work with new packets;
• drop invalid packets and put prefix for rules;
• accept ICMP packets;
• accept new connection from your clients to the Internet;
• drop everything else.

/ipv6 firewall filter
add action=accept chain=forward comment=established,related connection-state=established,related
add action=drop chain=forward comment=invalid connection-state=invalid log=yes log-prefix=ipv6,invalid
add action=accept chain=forward comment=icmpv6 in-interface=!sit1 protocol=icmpv6
add action=accept chain=forward comment="local network" in-interface=!sit1 src-address-list=allowed
add action=drop chain=forward log-prefix=IPV6